Although carbon dioxide from our energy system is the largest human influence on the climate, agriculture is responsible for nearly a quarter of greenhouse gas pollution. These emissions are largely methane and nitrous oxide which have very different chemistries in their origin and fate. They are also considered to be very difficult to mitigate in comparison to eliminating fossil fuel emissions and a global issue. This panel will summarise our understanding of these gases, their agricultural sources, what can be done to address them and where further research is focussed.