Current research on mechanisms underlying aging processes is driven by recent discoveries in lower eukaryotic model systems, and by their application to more complex organisms, including humans. From such studies, it appears that metabolic regulation plays a key role in modulating the rate of aging. In particular, mitochondrial function and dysfunction have been shown to influence the rate of ageing and contribute to longevity; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully understood. The focus of the symposium is on a better understanding of biological aging processes in a variety of species, with special emphasis on contributions by metabolic regulation and the mitochondria. We expect major advances of our understanding of aging processes from productive interactions between some of the most reputed scientists in the fields of aging research and mitochondrial biology, respectively.