December 2017

91AV Mastermind Semi Final and Final

Event dates: 1 - 31 December 2017
Event summary: 91AV Mastermind is a competition for year 9-11 school pupils to select the team to represent the Essex section in the National RSC Top of the bench competition. The quizmaster is Dr Alan Osborne.
Event Venue: To be confirmed, Essex, To be confirmed, United Kingdom

RSC Early Careers Christmas Wine tasting

Event dates: 1 December 2017 19:00-22:00
Event summary: The Manchester Local Section's legendary wine tasting will take place on 1st December!
Event Venue: University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom

MedChem 2017 - The Many Pharmacotherapeutic Faces of Nucleosides and Oligonucleotides

Event dates: 1 December 2017 08:50-18:00
Event summary: The title and focus of the symposium will be “The Many Pharmacotherapeutic Faces of Nucleosides and Oligonucleotides”.
Event Venue: Rega Institute, Leuven, 3000, Belgium

91AV of Curry

Event dates: 1 December 2017 19:30
Event summary: A social event with a curry meal and 'chemistry curry' quiz
Event Venue: The 'Spice of Life' restaurant, Grimsby, DN32 0RA, United Kingdom

RSC Curling at Fenton’s Rink

Event dates: 2 December 2017 12:30-16:00
Event summary: The RSC Kent Local Section will be running another Curling day on 2nd December 2017, hosted by Fenton’s rink. The venue is located at Dundale Farm, Dundale Road, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, TN3 9AQ.
Event Venue: Fenton's Curling Rink, Tunbridge Wells, TN3 9AQ, United Kingdom

RSC Organic Division Poster Symposium 2017

Event dates: 4 December 2017 09:30-17:20
Event summary: Competitive organic chemistry poster symposium for final year PhD students based in the UK and Ireland. Accepting poster abstracts until Monday 02 October 2017.
Event Venue: The 91AV, London, W1J 0BA, United Kingdom

4th Adverse Events Reporting and Safety Strategies Summit

Event dates: 4 December 2017 08:00 - 5 December 2017 17:00
Event summary: Ply emerging technologies and effective SOPs to enhance regulatory compliance and the quality of your safety program.
Event Venue: Sonesta Philadelphia Rittenhouse Square, Philadelphia, 19103, United States

PostgraduateStudentships PhD Funding Fair 2017

Event dates: 4 December 2017 11:00-16:15
Event summary: Are you looking for PhD funding for 2018? Come and talk to over twenty of the top UK Universities, all with PhD funding to offer, attend talks and chat to current PhD students. FREE to attend.
Event Venue: Central London , London, WC1, United Kingdom

II- International Christmas Caparica Congress in Translational 91AV, IC3TC-2017

Event dates: 4 - 7 December 2017
Event summary: The IC3TC-2017 is intended to be an International forum to share the most recent knowledge in Translational 91AV, to help defend the name of 91AV and to acknowledge the value of 91AV
Event Venue: Hotel Aldeia dos Capuchos Golf & SPA, Costa da Caparica, Portugal, Costa da Caparica, Lisbon, 2825-017, Portugal

QP Module Investigational Medicinal Products Training

Event dates: 4 December 2017 09:00 - 5 December 2017 17:00
Event summary: This two day interactive course examines the EU legislation relevant to the manufacture, control and supply of IMPs.
Event Venue: RSSL Training, Reading, RG6 6BU, United Kingdom

Retired Members' Christmas Lunch

Event dates: 4 December 2017 12:00-16:00
Event summary: A traditional lunch to begin the festive season.
Event Venue: The Sir Thomas Hotel, Liverpool, L1 6JB, United Kingdom

Biomacromolecules Design and Engineering Toward Biomedical Applications

Event dates: 4 December 2017 13:45-15:00
Event summary: This lecture will be given by Professor Wenxin Wang from the Charles Insititue of Dermatology at University College Dublin.
Event Venue: Wrexham Glyndwr University, Wrexham, LL11 2AW, United Kingdom

Visit to the Lakeside Energy for Waste plant

Event dates: 4 December 2017 10:30-12:30
Event summary: an interesting visit to look around this modern plant and see the material that cannot be re used or recyled burnt at 850 C and converted into energy that is put into the main grid.
Event Venue: Lakeside Energy for Waste Plant, Colnbrook, SL3 0FE, United Kingdom

Nanotech Middle East 2017 Conference and Exhibition

Event dates: 4 December 2017 09:00 - 6 December 2017 15:00
Event summary: Nanotech Middle East 2017 Conference and Exhibition 4 - 6 December 2017, Dubai International Convention & Exhibition Centre, Dubai - UAE
Event Venue: Dubai International Convention & Exhibition Centre, Dubai, 12345, United Arab Emirates

Porous Liquids and Solventless Synthesis - from Curiosity to Company

Event dates: 4 December 2017 13:00-14:00
Event summary: Seminar Professor Stuart James, Queen's University Belfast
Event Venue: Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom

Top of the Bench Competition - Liverpool Local Section heats

Event dates: 4 December 2017 09:30 - 8 December 2017 14:30
Event summary: Do you have a budding team of chemists ready to become top of the bench in Liverpool and District?
Event Venue: University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BX, United Kingdom

CDD for Biologics Summit 2017

Event dates: 5 December 2017 08:00 - 7 December 2017 18:00
Event summary: CDD for Biologics is dedicated to harnessing the power of in silico tools, to de-risk drug development from early drug discovery through to late preclinical development.
Event Venue: Revere Hotel Boston Common, Boston, 02116, United States

RSC Food Group meet the commitee and social Christmas drink

Event dates: 5 December 2017 14:00-17:00
Event summary: An opportunity to meet the RSC Food Group committee, including this year's FDF Food and Drink Scientist, Dr Wendy Russell from the University of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute.
Event Venue: The 91AV, London, W1J 0BA, United Kingdom

University of Sheffield ChemSoc Presidential Lecture

Event dates: 5 December 2017 17:00-18:00
Event summary: University of Sheffield ChemSoc presents the 2017 Presidential Lecture to be given by Prof Tonry Ryan
Event Venue: University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom

Current Issues in Contaminated Land Risk Assessment – 2017

Event dates: 5 December 2017
Event summary: An annual update meeting held jointly between SoBRA and RSC Toxicology.
Event Venue: The 91AV, London, W1J 0BA, United Kingdom

Career Consultations - London

Event dates: 5 December 2017 09:15-15:15
Event summary: The 91AV's Team of qualified careers specialists will be in your area and available for free 1-to-1, confidential consultations on any aspect of running your career.
Event Venue: The 91AV, London, W1J 0BA, United Kingdom

Sensors in Food and Agriculture 2017

Event dates: 5 December 2017 08:30 - 6 December 2017 17:00
Event summary: The third annual Sensors in Food and Agriculture 2017 conference will be held on 5-6 December at the Møller Centre, Cambridge
Event Venue: Møller Centre, Cambridge, CB3 0DE, United Kingdom

Method validation training course

Event dates: 5 December 2017 09:00 - 7 December 2017 17:00
Event summary: Learn how to demonstrate that your methods are fit for purpose.
Event Venue: LGC, Teddington, TW11 0LY, United Kingdom

Common Technical Dossier

Event dates: 5 December 2017 09:00 - 6 December 2017 17:00
Event summary: Project management/collection of critical documents for chemistry, manufacturing and control (CMC) for global registration (CTD) and incorporate quality by design within the CTD
Event Venue: The Rembrandt Hotel, London, SW7 2RS, United Kingdom

Chemical Magic

Event dates: 5 December 2017 19:00-20:00
Event summary: A Sixth Form Lecture Demonstration. A very popular event with many fascinating and amusing experiements.
Event Venue: University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom

Solar energy, past, present & future

Event dates: 5 December 2017 18:45-20:00
Event summary: Dr Paul Coxon of the University of Cambridge will talk about solar energy.
Event Venue: The Storey, Lancaster, LA1 1TH, United Kingdom

Expanding the UK's Green Economy

Event dates: 5 December 2017 08:30-13:30
Event summary: Delegates at this conference will assess the priorities for expanding the UK’s Green Economy, delivering low-carbon electricity and developing green infrastructure.
Event Venue: London, London, TBC, United Kingdom

RSC Analytical Division Northern Ireland Local Section Lecture

Event dates: 6 December 2017 16:00-17:00
Event summary: Sensing and Logic: Stories about You
Event Venue: School of 91AV and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom

Next steps for apprenticeships and skills development in Scotland

Event dates: 6 December 2017 08:30-13:00
Event summary: This seminar will provide a timely opportunity for delegates to discuss the next steps for Scotland’s skills development and apprenticeships policy.
Event Venue: To be confirmed, Edinburgh, EH1, United Kingdom

Good Manufacturing Practice for Medical Devices Training

Event dates: 6 December 2017 09:00-17:00
Event summary: GMP for medical devices is the perfect course for people who are new to the medical device industry.
Event Venue: RSSL Training, Reading, RG6 6BU, United Kingdom

The challenge of doing experimental studies in science education research

Event dates: 6 December 2017 16:30-17:30
Event summary: A webinar (online seminar) given by Prof Keith Taber, University of Cambridge
Event Venue:

Teacher resource development workshop: Taunton

Event dates: 6 December 2017 14:00-17:00
Event summary: Join the 91AV and Tim Jolliff for a resource development talk and workshop. Hear tips on developing resources. Collaborate with other teachers to adapt and develop activities.
Event Venue: Queen's College, Taunton, Taunton, TA1 4QS, United Kingdom

6th Content Marketing for Life Sciences

Event dates: 6 December 2017 08:00 - 7 December 2017 16:00
Event summary: Find the nexus for content, channels, technology, analytics and compliance to provide an integrated customer experience through storytelling.
Event Venue: Sonesta Hotel Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19103, United States

91AV International Days (JIC-2017)

Event dates: 6 December 2017 09:00 - 8 December 2017 12:00
Event summary: 91AV International Days (Journées Internationales de Chimie) (JIC-2017) are the first activity of the newly creeated Mauritanian Chemical Society (SCM).
Event Venue: Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Nouakchott,Mauritania, Nouakchott, 5020, Mauritania

4th Rx-to-OTC Switch Summit

Event dates: 6 December 2017 08:00 - 7 December 2017 17:00
Event summary: Navigate safety tests, trials, and regulatory compliance while developing complicated business and marketing strategies to ensure a successful switch.
Event Venue: Sonesta Philadelphia Rittenhouse Square, Philadelphia, 19103, United States

Christmas Lecture - "What Does Sustainable Mean for 91AV & Materials?"

Event dates: 6 December 2017 14:00-15:00
Event summary: 14.00 Wed 6th December 2017 University of Sheffield Dainton Building Lecture Theatre 1 For Y12 and Y13 students only.
Event Venue: University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom

Top of the Bench

Event dates: 6 December 2017 16:00-18:30
Event summary: Downland heats for KS3 and KS4 students designed to encourage and reward high achievement of school chemistry students
Event Venue: Millais School, Horsham, RH13 5HR, United Kingdom

The History, Chemical Science and Engineering of Gin: a pHure Liquors perspective

Event dates: 6 December 2017 18:00-20:30
Event summary: This lecture should appeal to all who are interested in the history and chemistry of the distillation of spirits.
Event Venue: Marks & Clerk , London, WC2E 9RA , United Kingdom

Making Science Work - A lecture by Nobel Prize Winner Sir Paul Nurse at De Montfort University, Leicester

Event dates: 6 December 2017 14:00-15:00
Event summary: Sir Paul Sir Paul will discuss how science can improve our health and quality of life, help solve the world’s biggest problems, drive our economies, enhance our culture and civilisation.
Event Venue: De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom

Schools 91AV Conference

Event dates: 6 December 2017 14:00
Event summary: There will 2 lectures before a break for mince pies and a drink and then a lecture demonstration.
Event Venue: University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom

Christmas Lecture: Airfix: Scaling down reality

Event dates: 7 December 2017 19:00
Event summary: IET Bristol lecture supported by RSC
Event Venue: University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom

Senior Members Lunch

Event dates: 7 December 2017 11:45-14:00
Event summary: The annual senior members lunch is a great opportunity for the members to have an enjoyable meal and catch up with friends.
Event Venue: Best Western Park Hotel , Falkirk, FK1 5RY, United Kingdom

RSC Top of the Bench Schools Quiz

Event dates: 7 December 2017 17:00
Event summary: RSC Top of the Bench Schools Quiz Sheffield and Local District Regional Heat
Event Venue: King Edward VII Upper School, Sheffield, S10 2PW, United Kingdom

RSC Thames Valley Winter Mixer Meeting

Event dates: 7 December 2017 18:30-22:30
Event summary: RSC Thames Valley Winter Mixer Meeting, 18:30 Thursday 7th December Location: Bierhaus Reading (CORRECTION: Upper function area), 8 Queens Walk, Broad Street Mall, Reading. RG1 7QF
Event Venue: Bierhaus Reading, Reading, RG1 7QF, United Kingdom

Ensuring amorphous product quality: what are the challenges?

Event dates: 7 December 2017 10:00-17:00
Event summary: Critical examination of challenges & opportunities in analysis of amorphous formulations. Learn from industry & academia about development, manufacturing & QA of products, & new analytical methods.
Event Venue: The 91AV, London, W1J 0BA, United Kingdom

Applied Deconvolution (Markes Targetview)

Event dates: 8 December 2017 09:00-17:00
Event summary: This one day classroom based course teaches you the theory of how to use the Markes TargetView software to process your GC-MS data through presentations and demonstrations by the course instructor.
Event Venue: The Open University, Milton Keynes, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom

Innovations in Encapsulation 17

Event dates: 8 December 2017 09:30-18:00
Event summary: One day conference in London on on new developments in creating micro encapsulated materials for applications such as pharmaceutical, agrochemical and smart coatings.
Event Venue: The 91AV, London, W1J 0BA, United Kingdom

11th Biological and Medicinal 91AV Symposium for Postgraduates

Event dates: 8 December 2017 09:00-20:00
Event summary: The BMCS will be hosting its eleventh postgraduate symposium for PhD students and postdoctoral workers researching in biological or medicinal chemistry and related areas.
Event Venue: Department of 91AV, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom

Recent Trends and Technologies in Medicinal 91AV towards Medicines of the Future

Event dates: 8 December 2017
Event summary: A Socitey for Medicines Research and RSC Biological and Medicinal 91AV Sector jointly-hosted 1-day meeting.
Event Venue: The Royal Marsden, London, SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom

Green 91AV New Zealand 2017

Event dates: 8 December 2017 13:00 - 9 December 2017 18:00
Event summary: Green 91AV New Zealand 2017 is a Green 91AV conference that will be held between Friday 8th-Saturday 9th, December 2017 in Auckland, New Zealand.
Event Venue: The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand

Tropical Oils - Production, Applications, Nutritional and Health Aspects

Event dates: 8 December 2017 09:00-17:00
Event summary: This one day conference will be of interest to industrial scientists, technologists and engineers working in food and personal product design & formulation and production.
Event Venue: Thagaste, Augustinian Monastery, Ghent, Belgium, Ghent, , 9000, Belgium

Use of Bruker topspin to process NMR data and Determination of relative and absolute configuration of natural products

Event dates: 8 December 2017 14:00-17:00
Event summary: PACN seminar series, University of Nairobi-Kenya
Event Venue: University of Nairobi,Department of 91AV, NAIROBI, 00100, Kenya

Christmas Ball by 91AV Society at the University of Hull

Event dates: 8 December 2017 18:30 - 9 December 2017 01:00
Event summary: The 91AV Society at the University of Hull are offering the opportunity for local chemists and alumni to join us at the annual formal ball at the Royal Hotel in Hull.
Event Venue: The Britannia Royal Hotel, Hull, HU1 3UF, United Kingdom

EMBL Course: High-Accuracy Correlated Light and Electron Microscopy: Applications at Room Temperature and in cryo

Event dates: 10 - 15 December 2017
Event summary: This course will teach theory and practice for high-accuracy correlative light and electron microscopy.
Event Venue: EMBL ATC, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany

Materials for Energy Conversion and Optoelectronics (MECO17)

Event dates: 11 December 2017
Event summary: http://www.nanoge.org/MECO17/home
Event Venue: Hotel Nacional de Cuba, La Habana, 10400, Cuba

2nd Joint NSFC-RSC Symposium on Chemical Biology

Event dates: 11 December 2017 09:00 - 12 December 2017 17:00
Event summary: 2nd Joint NSFC-RSC Symposium on Chemical Biology
Event Venue: The 91AV, Burlington House, London, W1J 0BA, United Kingdom

4th International Congress on Catalysis for Biorefineries (CatBior 2017)

Event dates: 11 - 15 December 2017
Event summary: This fourth edition will address the main issues in the dynamic field of catalysis for biorefineries, in fundamental and applied catalysis researches for biomass transformation.
Event Venue: Université Lyon 2, Lyon, 69, France, Metropolitan

International Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industry Forum

Event dates: 11 December 2017 08:00 - 13 December 2017 18:00
Event summary: International Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industry Forum will be held on 11-13 December 2017 in India with the theme "Challenges in Biotechnology and pharma Industry".
Event Venue: Hotel Novotel New Delhi Aerocity, New Delhi, 110037, India

BCL3 Inhibitors as Antimetastatic Agents: From Desktop to Pre-Clinical Studies

Event dates: 11 December 2017 13:00-14:00
Event summary: Seminar Professor Andrea Brancale
Event Venue: Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom

A lecture given by Professor Robin Braithwaite, from King's College London

Event dates: 12 December 2017 13:45-15:00
Event summary: Forensic toxicology - including case histories of some high profile murder cases.
Event Venue: Wrexham Glyndwr University, Wrexham, LL11 2AW, United Kingdom

Science Teacher Network Meeting

Event dates: 12 December 2017 16:00-18:00
Event summary: STEM NOW are hosting a festive networking session for teachers, in partnership with the 91AV.
Event Venue: Winchester Science Centre & Planetarium, Winchester, SO21 1HZ, United Kingdom

The IET / SynbiCITE Engineering Biology Conference

Event dates: 12 December 2017 09:00 - 13 December 2017 17:00
Event summary: Synthetic Biology driving Industrial Translation in the Bioeconomy
Event Venue: IET London, London, WC2R 0BL, United Kingdom

Good Manufacturing Practice in the Laboratory Training

Event dates: 12 December 2017 09:00-17:00
Event summary: This course is suitable for all laboratory staff working in an environment covered by the requirements of GMP and GCLP (Good Control Laboratory Practice).
Event Venue: RSSL Training, Reading, RG6 6BU, United Kingdom

2-day Hands-on GCxGC Operator

Event dates: 12 December 2017 09:00 - 13 December 2017 17:00
Event summary: This course introduces the fundamental concepts of GCxGC with flow and thermal modulation. It combines classroom based presentations with hands-on lab exercises to give you comprehensive training.
Event Venue: The Open University, Milton Keynes, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom

2017 McBain Medal: Watching Colloids Work

Event dates: 12 December 2017 09:30-18:00
Event summary: Dr Rico Tabor from Monash University has been awarded the 2017 McBain medal for his work on surfactants and responsive colloidal systems.
Event Venue: SCI, London, SW1X 8PS, United Kingdom

Gut-Brain Axis Summit 2017

Event dates: 12 December 2017 08:00 - 14 December 2017 18:00
Event summary: The inaugural Gut-Brain Axis Summit is part of the successful “Microbiome Movement” series specifically designed to help translate cutting edge microbiome research into commercially viable products.
Event Venue: Kimpton Sir Francis Drake Hotel, San Francisco, 94102, United States

Pharmaceutical Environmental Monitoring Training

Event dates: 13 December 2017 09:00-17:00
Event summary: This course is aimed at personnel in production and quality functions who wish to increase their understanding of regulatory requirements.
Event Venue: RSSL Training, Reading, RG6 6BU, United Kingdom

BETSE 2017 - Bone and Enamel Tissue Science and Engineering 2017

Event dates: 13 December 2017 09:00-17:00
Event summary: The first meeting of this kind responding to the ever growing popularity of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research and its importance in the health care sector.
Event Venue: Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom

Air Quality - the wider Picture Current Issues and New Technologies

Event dates: 13 December 2017 09:30 - 14 December 2017 15:15
Event summary: Two day conference with posters and exhibition
Event Venue: The 91AV, London, W1J 0BA, United Kingdom

NMR Discussion Group 2017 Christmas Meeting

Event dates: 14 December 2017 10:00-16:30
Event summary: The NMR DG Christmas meeting comprises presentations covering a wide range of subjects and will be of interest to most spectroscopists, either through direct relevance or potential applicability.
Event Venue: Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, WC1E 7JL, United Kingdom

Functional NanoMaterials: From Spectroscopy to Bioimaging

Event dates: 14 December 2017 09:00 - 16 December 2017 17:00
Event summary: A UK-India Newton-Bhabha Researcher Links Workshop the theme of functional nanomaterials-from spectroscopy to bioimaging are inviting applications from early career researchers.
Event Venue: The Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, India, Kolkata, 741 246, India

Manufacturing Sterile Products Training

Event dates: 14 December 2017 09:00-17:00
Event summary: This course will provide valuable underpinning knowledge to all personnel working for companies responsible for the manufacture of sterile products
Event Venue: RSSL Training, Reading, RG6 6BU, United Kingdom

2-day GCxGC Data Handling (Zoex GCImage)

Event dates: 14 December 2017 09:00 - 15 December 2017 17:00
Event summary: This course will give an overview of GC Image software and will detail its fundamental operation including baseline removal, peak (blob) detection, quantification and chemical identification
Event Venue: The Open University, Milton Keynes, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom

Environmental 91AV of Water, Sediment, Soil and Air: Early careers meeting

Event dates: 14 December 2017 09:30-17:30
Event summary: Join us for this one day meeting on the Environmental 91AV of Water, Sediment, Soil and Air for PhD students, postdoctoral researchers, and early career scientists in industry.
Event Venue: The 91AV, London, W1J 0BA, United Kingdom

Solid State Group Christmas Meeting

Event dates: 18 - 19 December 2017
Event summary: The 37th RSC Solid State Group Christmas Meeting will be held at the University of Reading on 18th – 19th December 2017.
Event Venue: University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UA, United Kingdom

Molten Salts Discusion Group Christmas Research Meeting

Event dates: 18 December 2017 09:00-18:00
Event summary: The MSDG Christmas research meeting are friendly and constructive, and encompasses all aspect of molten salts and ionic liquids research. Participation by early-career researchers is encouraged.
Event Venue: The 91AV, London, W1J 0BA, United Kingdom

Biotransformations: From Science to Industrial Application

Event dates: 19 December 2017 09:30-16:30
Event summary: The meeting will highlight recent achievements, future challenges and current trends in the discovery, modification and application of novel enzyme biocatalysts in the industrial biotechnology sector.
Event Venue: The 91AV, London, W1J 0BA, United Kingdom

Christmas Science

Event dates: 21 December 2017 11:00-15:45
Event summary: Join the Science Oxford team as they celebrate the chemistry of Christmas and help Santa out. Children will create their own snow and festive decorations as part of this hands-on workshop.
Event Venue: The Old Museum Oxford Town Hall, Oxford, OX1 1BX, United Kingdom

The 23rd Nagoya Medal of Organic 91AV

Event dates: 22 December 2017 10:00-18:00
Event summary: This year’s Nagoya Gold Medal will be presented to Prof. Bert Meijer and the Silver Medal will be presented to Prof. Hiroaki Suga.
Event Venue: Noyori Conference Hall, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan