This conference on Nucleic Acids and Immunity is the second of a series of three, funded by the EU under Framework 7, which will focus on build a synergistic relationship between researchers in these two areas. The epitranscriptome is a new emerging field of research. The aim of the conference is to bring together researchers in the fields of immunology, innate immune nucleic acid sensing and enzymatic modification of nucleic acids. There will also be a medical perspective, discussing how the lack of certain modifications leading to aberrant innate immune recognition of nucleic acids results in disease.